Understanding How Microsoft Excel Builds Charts

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Excel's Chart Wizard and documentation use several charting terms: data markers, data-marker
descriptions, legend, chart text, plot area, and chart area.

You'll find it useful to understand just what these words and phrases mean, so the bulleted list that follows provides definitions.

Data markers

Data markers are the graphical elements used to represent individual data point values
in a chart. In the case of a line chart, for example, Excel uses uses symbols, or points, on a line to show data point values. These symbols or points are the data markers.

Other types of charts in Excel use other data markers. A chart that uses columns or bars, for example, has column or bar data markers. A pie chart has pie-slice data markers, and so on.

Data marker descriptions

Excel typically describes and qualifies data markers using the data-marker descriptions such as axis scales and data labels.

Different types of charts use different data-marker descriptions. Bar, column, and line charts use axis scales. Pie and doughnut charts use data labels.

Legend

A legend names and identifies the data series you've plotted. In the case of a pie chart, for example, the legend typically names the data series and then also shows which colors are used for which pie slices.

In charts that show multiple data series, the legend lists all of the data series and visually shows chart viewers how to identify data series.

Chart text

Chart text predictably describes a chart or some part of a chart. A chart might include a title that shares the chart message such as "Industry Continues to Grow" or a subtitle that clarifies some bit of information about the chart such as "(five-year forecast of domestic revenues)".

Plot area

The plot area of a chart is the area that includes the data markers and data-marker descriptions.

In many charts, the plot area is a rectangle that shows the lines and scales representing the plot
area.

In same cases--such as the case of a pie chart or doughnut chart----the circle that shows the slices of pie and the data labels that identify the slices of pie comprise the plot area.

Chart area

The chart area includes plot area, any chart text, and a legend. In other words, the chart area represents the whole enchilada.

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Understanding How Microsoft Excel Builds Charts

Image : http://www.flickr.com

Excel's Chart Wizard and documentation use several charting terms: data markers, data-marker
descriptions, legend, chart text, plot area, and chart area.

You'll find it useful to understand just what these words and phrases mean, so the bulleted list that follows provides definitions.

Data markers

Data markers are the graphical elements used to represent individual data point values
in a chart. In the case of a line chart, for example, Excel uses uses symbols, or points, on a line to show data point values. These symbols or points are the data markers.

Other types of charts in Excel use other data markers. A chart that uses columns or bars, for example, has column or bar data markers. A pie chart has pie-slice data markers, and so on.

Data marker descriptions

Excel typically describes and qualifies data markers using the data-marker descriptions such as axis scales and data labels.

Different types of charts use different data-marker descriptions. Bar, column, and line charts use axis scales. Pie and doughnut charts use data labels.

Legend

A legend names and identifies the data series you've plotted. In the case of a pie chart, for example, the legend typically names the data series and then also shows which colors are used for which pie slices.

In charts that show multiple data series, the legend lists all of the data series and visually shows chart viewers how to identify data series.

Chart text

Chart text predictably describes a chart or some part of a chart. A chart might include a title that shares the chart message such as "Industry Continues to Grow" or a subtitle that clarifies some bit of information about the chart such as "(five-year forecast of domestic revenues)".

Plot area

The plot area of a chart is the area that includes the data markers and data-marker descriptions.

In many charts, the plot area is a rectangle that shows the lines and scales representing the plot
area.

In same cases--such as the case of a pie chart or doughnut chart----the circle that shows the slices of pie and the data labels that identify the slices of pie comprise the plot area.

Chart area

The chart area includes plot area, any chart text, and a legend. In other words, the chart area represents the whole enchilada.

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Binomial Probability Distributions with Microsoft Excel

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A binomial distribution describes the outcome of a multi-step experiment, consisting of
n identical trials, where each trial ends in either a success or a failure and the probability of
a success p does not change from trial to trial. This useful statistical analysis can be performed relatively easily using Microsoft Excel using the Excel BINOMDIST, CRITBINOM and NEGBINOMDIST functions.

Note, however, that when making binomial probability calculations, the trials must also be independent so that success in one trial does not affect the probability of success in another trial. The binomial random variable x is the number of successes observed in n trials.

If samples are not replaced, and therefore the outcome of one trial changes the probability of success in another trial, you need to use the hypergeometric probability distribution Excel function.

Using Excel's BINOMDIST Function

For example, if you flip a coin n times and "heads" is called a success, then the random variable
x would be the number of heads observed in n flips. It could take the values 1,2,3,...,n with different probabilities.

The BINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

If you want to find the probability of exactly x successes, enter FALSE as the fourth (cumulative) argument. If you want to find the probability of x or fewer successes, enter TRUE as the fourth argument.

For example, if you were to flip a fair coin 20 times and wanted to find the probability of it turning up "heads" exactly 10 times, the function looks like this:

=BINOMDIST(10,20,0.5,FALSE)

The function returns the value 0.176197052. If you wanted to find the probability of getting
10 or fewer heads, you replace the FALSE with TRUE, and the function returns the value 0.588098526.

Using Excel's CRITBINOM Function

The acceptance criterion function, CRITBINOM, is used for quality control of a production process. You use this function to find the maximum number of defective items that a person can find in a lot and still allow acceptance of the lot. Inspectors should accept the lot if they find this number or fewer defective items and reject the lot if they find more defective items.

To determine the acceptance criterion, you need to know the number of items in the lot, the probability of accepting each item, and the producer's allowable risk (alpha) for rejecting an acceptable lot.

The CRITBINOM function uses the following syntax:

=CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha)

where trials is the number of trials, probability's is the probability of a success on each trial,
and alpha is the criterion value. Probability's and alpha are both between 0 and 1.

Using Excel's NEGBINOMDIST Function

If the number of successes is fixed in a binomial distribution and you want to find the number of trials, use the NEGBINOMDIST function. This function returns the probability that there will be a certain number of failures before the threshold number of successes, given the constant probability of a success.

For example, if you need to find 20 straight 2 by 4s from a stack, and you know the probability that a board in the stack is straight is 0.2 (20%), you can use the NEGBINOMDIST to find that there is about a 2% probability that you will reject 75 boards before finding all 20 straight ones.

The NEGBINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=NEGBINOMDIST (number failures, number successes, probability of success)

For this example, the function looks like this:

=negbinomdist (75, 20, 0.2)

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Binomial Probability Distributions with Microsoft Excel

Image : http://www.flickr.com

A binomial distribution describes the outcome of a multi-step experiment, consisting of
n identical trials, where each trial ends in either a success or a failure and the probability of
a success p does not change from trial to trial. This useful statistical analysis can be performed relatively easily using Microsoft Excel using the Excel BINOMDIST, CRITBINOM and NEGBINOMDIST functions.

Note, however, that when making binomial probability calculations, the trials must also be independent so that success in one trial does not affect the probability of success in another trial. The binomial random variable x is the number of successes observed in n trials.

If samples are not replaced, and therefore the outcome of one trial changes the probability of success in another trial, you need to use the hypergeometric probability distribution Excel function.

Using Excel's BINOMDIST Function

For example, if you flip a coin n times and "heads" is called a success, then the random variable
x would be the number of heads observed in n flips. It could take the values 1,2,3,...,n with different probabilities.

The BINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

If you want to find the probability of exactly x successes, enter FALSE as the fourth (cumulative) argument. If you want to find the probability of x or fewer successes, enter TRUE as the fourth argument.

For example, if you were to flip a fair coin 20 times and wanted to find the probability of it turning up "heads" exactly 10 times, the function looks like this:

=BINOMDIST(10,20,0.5,FALSE)

The function returns the value 0.176197052. If you wanted to find the probability of getting
10 or fewer heads, you replace the FALSE with TRUE, and the function returns the value 0.588098526.

Using Excel's CRITBINOM Function

The acceptance criterion function, CRITBINOM, is used for quality control of a production process. You use this function to find the maximum number of defective items that a person can find in a lot and still allow acceptance of the lot. Inspectors should accept the lot if they find this number or fewer defective items and reject the lot if they find more defective items.

To determine the acceptance criterion, you need to know the number of items in the lot, the probability of accepting each item, and the producer's allowable risk (alpha) for rejecting an acceptable lot.

The CRITBINOM function uses the following syntax:

=CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha)

where trials is the number of trials, probability's is the probability of a success on each trial,
and alpha is the criterion value. Probability's and alpha are both between 0 and 1.

Using Excel's NEGBINOMDIST Function

If the number of successes is fixed in a binomial distribution and you want to find the number of trials, use the NEGBINOMDIST function. This function returns the probability that there will be a certain number of failures before the threshold number of successes, given the constant probability of a success.

For example, if you need to find 20 straight 2 by 4s from a stack, and you know the probability that a board in the stack is straight is 0.2 (20%), you can use the NEGBINOMDIST to find that there is about a 2% probability that you will reject 75 boards before finding all 20 straight ones.

The NEGBINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=NEGBINOMDIST (number failures, number successes, probability of success)

For this example, the function looks like this:

=negbinomdist (75, 20, 0.2)

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Scientific probability distributions with Microsoft Excel

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A binomial distribution describes the result of a multi-step experiment, consisting
n identical trials, where each attempt ends either in success or failure and the probability of
p is a success does not change from experiment to experiment. This is a useful statistical analysis can be done relatively easily using Microsoft Excel using the Excel BINOMDIST, CRITBINOM and NEGBINOMDIST functions.

Note, however, that for the manufacture of binomial probability theory, the test should alsobe independent, so the success of a procedure does not affect the probability of success in another trial. Binomial random variable x is the number of successes observed in animal studies No

When samples are not replaced and thus the result of a process to change the probability of success in another job, you must use the hypergeometric probability distribution function in Excel.

BINOMDIST using the Excel function

For example, if you're an n times and "heads"as a success, then the random variable
x is the number of animals observed in n tosses. You can take the values 1,2,3 ,..., n with different probabilities.

BINOMDIST uses the following syntax:

BINOMDIST = (x, n, p, cumulative)

If you find the probability of exactly x successes, enter false data, as the fourth () returns a cumulative basis. If you find the probability of x or less success, to give TRUE as the fourth argument.

For example, if yousaw a coin 20 times and wanted the chance that I get "heads" exactly 10 times Flip found, the function is similar to the following:

= BINOMDIST (10,20,0.5, FALSE)

The function returns the value 0.176197052. If you find that the probability
10 or less heads, you replace the FALSE with TRUE, and the function returns the value 0.588098526.

Using the Excel function CRITBINOM

The adoption of the objective function, CRITBINOM is used for quality controlproduction process. Use this function to the maximum number of defective products, which are to find a person in a game and still allow for the acceptance of the lot. Inspectors should accept the lot if you can find this number or fewer defective parts and reject the lot if you want to find items you worse.

To determine the criterion of acceptability is necessary to know the number of elements in the crowd, the probability of accepting each item, and acceptable risk of producers' (alpha) for rejecting anacceptable amount.

CRITBINOM function uses the following syntax:

= CRITBINOM (studies probability_s, alpha)

experiments in which the number of attempts, the probability is the probability of success for each subject,
and alpha-value is the criterion. Probability and alpha are both between 0 and 1

NEGBINOMDIST using the Excel function

If the number of successes in a binomial distribution company and want to find the number of attempts to use the NEGBINOMDISTFunction. This function returns the probability that a certain number of failures before the number of critical success as the probability of success constant.

For example, if you) are up 20 2 directly by 4s from a stack, and you know the probability that a card in the stack is only 0.2 (is 20%, you can use to determine that NEGBINOMDIST is a 2% probability that you reject 75 boards before the search, even after all 20

TheNEGBINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

NEGBINOMDIST = (number of errors, the number of successes, the probability of success)

In this example, the function is similar to the following:

NEGBINOMDIST = (75, 20, 0.2)

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Binomial Probability Distributions with Microsoft Excel

Image : http://www.flickr.com

A binomial distribution describes the outcome of a multi-step experiment, consisting of
n identical trials, where each trial ends in either a success or a failure and the probability of
a success p does not change from trial to trial. This useful statistical analysis can be performed relatively easily using Microsoft Excel using the Excel BINOMDIST, CRITBINOM and NEGBINOMDIST functions.

Note, however, that when making binomial probability calculations, the trials must also be independent so that success in one trial does not affect the probability of success in another trial. The binomial random variable x is the number of successes observed in n trials.

If samples are not replaced, and therefore the outcome of one trial changes the probability of success in another trial, you need to use the hypergeometric probability distribution Excel function.

Using Excel's BINOMDIST Function

For example, if you flip a coin n times and "heads" is called a success, then the random variable
x would be the number of heads observed in n flips. It could take the values 1,2,3,...,n with different probabilities.

The BINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=BINOMDIST(x,n,p,cumulative)

If you want to find the probability of exactly x successes, enter FALSE as the fourth (cumulative) argument. If you want to find the probability of x or fewer successes, enter TRUE as the fourth argument.

For example, if you were to flip a fair coin 20 times and wanted to find the probability of it turning up "heads" exactly 10 times, the function looks like this:

=BINOMDIST(10,20,0.5,FALSE)

The function returns the value 0.176197052. If you wanted to find the probability of getting
10 or fewer heads, you replace the FALSE with TRUE, and the function returns the value 0.588098526.

Using Excel's CRITBINOM Function

The acceptance criterion function, CRITBINOM, is used for quality control of a production process. You use this function to find the maximum number of defective items that a person can find in a lot and still allow acceptance of the lot. Inspectors should accept the lot if they find this number or fewer defective items and reject the lot if they find more defective items.

To determine the acceptance criterion, you need to know the number of items in the lot, the probability of accepting each item, and the producer's allowable risk (alpha) for rejecting an acceptable lot.

The CRITBINOM function uses the following syntax:

=CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha)

where trials is the number of trials, probability's is the probability of a success on each trial,
and alpha is the criterion value. Probability's and alpha are both between 0 and 1.

Using Excel's NEGBINOMDIST Function

If the number of successes is fixed in a binomial distribution and you want to find the number of trials, use the NEGBINOMDIST function. This function returns the probability that there will be a certain number of failures before the threshold number of successes, given the constant probability of a success.

For example, if you need to find 20 straight 2 by 4s from a stack, and you know the probability that a board in the stack is straight is 0.2 (20%), you can use the NEGBINOMDIST to find that there is about a 2% probability that you will reject 75 boards before finding all 20 straight ones.

The NEGBINOMDIST function uses the following syntax:

=NEGBINOMDIST (number failures, number successes, probability of success)

For this example, the function looks like this:

=negbinomdist (75, 20, 0.2)

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SQL Administrator Skills Required to Support Microsoft Great Plains

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Microsoft Great Plains is becoming more and more popular and we see new purchases among midsize and large corporations, where, in our opinion, Microsoft SQL Server DB administrator position is a must. If you are database administrator and you are part of the decision making team, purchasing Microsoft Business Solutions Great Plains for your corporation, we would like to set your expectation on the level of SQL knowledge, skills and experience needed to support Microsoft Great Plains in-house

o Data querying. Microsoft Great Plains has decent ReportWriter, which allows users to create and modify existing reports, however the recommended tool, and you will soon understand that if you need really challenging reports (Sales Commissions, Bill of Lading, Sales Order Status with Purchasing info, Regional Sales, etc.) - you need to deploy Crystal Reports or Crystal Enterprise. Crystal Report itself is usually based on the view or stored procedure. So - you should expect to be familiar with Great Plains tables architecture and be capable to create select statement with multiple joins and unions

o Data Repair. You should be ready to save GP table prior to data repair: select * into SOP10100_Copy from SOP10100 and then use update statement to fix incorrect values. If you need to load SOP10100 back from the backup table - first drop DEX_ROW_ID column and then use: insert into SOP10100 select * from SOP10100_Copy.

o Backup and Restore. Great Plains has DYNAMICS database which stores system info, such as users, security, companies, etc. and each company has its own database. You should be able to restore mostly company databases from the backup. This seems to be trivial routine.

o Technical Support. When you have issues with posting or need help from Microsoft Business Solutions Technical Support, you place case through customer source and you should expect the technician provide you with SQL scripts to fix your data.

o Some Useful Scripts. You need to be able to delete locked user: delete activity where userid='TOM', also very popular is batch recovery script, you need to unlock the batch in SY00500 table: Posting Definition Master

o Do not expect. Replications (except probably snapshot) - it adds GUID column and then Great Plains Dexterity runtime can not upgrade the modified tables. Referential Integrity is not used, Varchar or NVarchar are not used - the reason is - Dexterity architecture, which was initially designed with database independence in mind. Logins and access management - Great Plains uses its own security, which is translated into SQL logins with encrypted password.

o Moving Great Plains on the new SQL Server. It is often confusing for the DB Admin. Besides physical move through backups or detach/attach DB you need special scripts to transfer GP security and users logins, these scripts are available through MBS tech support or feel free to call you MBS partner.

o Advanced Techniques. If you need to notify your GP users on the specific event in GP - such as invoice was paid, you can deploy SQL emailing: xp_send_mail. This procedure could be called in the trigger for the apply payments table.

o Data Integration. XML inbound and outbound streams for the integration stored procedures is becoming defacto standard. Also you should be familiar with heterogeneous SQL queries: OPENROWSET and linked server conceptions.

Happy implementing! You can always appeal to us to help you with your system. Give as a call 1-630-961-5918 or 1-866-528-0577, help@albaspectrum.com

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